After further exploring the reasons for the decreased levels of Ppargc1α in the SKM of GDM offspring mice, we discovered that CREB phosphorylation (pCREB) was alleviated in high glucose conditions (Fig. 4F) and that the abundance of activated pCREB was reduced in the CRE elements of Ppargc1α, Pck and G6pc (Fig. 4G). The gene discussed is CREB1; the disease is gestational diabetes.