TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The excess visceral adiposity, typical of obesity, is responsible for increasing the number of molecules that induce cancer pathogenesis, such as leptin, resistin, and other adipokines, in addition to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL -8, and TNF-α, elevating the risk of neoplasms [30].