ZKSCAN1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Interestingly, ZKSCAN1 mRNA can be backspliced into a circular RNA (circRNA), a type of noncoding RNA that can act as sponges for microRNA and proteins and may contribute to fibrosis.79,80 Whether rs2897075 is associated with levels of ZKSCAN1 circRNA is unknown, though both ZKSCAN1 and circZKSCAN1 have been implicated in liver fibrosis.81 Although several studies have reported rs2897075 as a genome-wide significant hit in IPF GWAS, its mechanism and phenotypic effect has not been reported to our knowledge.