ALDH9A1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: CCK8 assays demonstrated that the exogenous increased ALDH9A1 notably damped cell proliferation (Fig. 2A), in accordance with the results from the colony formation assays (Fig. 2B and Supplementary Fig. 2F), while the deficiency of ALDH9A1 remarkably enhanced the proliferation of ccRCC cells (Supplementary Fig. 2E).