Second, use of mpMRI to target prostate biopsies may improve detection of clinically significant prostate cancers compared with systematic biopsies,13 although long-term outcomes data are lacking.14 Third, increased uptake of active surveillance in low- and intermediate-risk disease may allow some patients to delay or avoid radical treatment, potentially reducing overtreatment.15 These changes have led professional bodies, such as the European Association of Urology, to change their view on PSA-based screening.16 This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate cancer.