JAK2 and cancer: As previously reported, CSF2 directly binds to the stimulating factor 2 receptor (CSF2R) and activates four main pathways in cancer cells, including Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/Akt, JAK2/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), Mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor (NF)‐кB pathways, and plays an important role in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance.17, 18