Furthermore, we did not record data on other variable that may have been of interest and that might have influenced caries outcomes, such as frequency of dentist visits, toothbrushing, and insulin requirements, nor did we assess other oral health parameters such as plaque, gingivitis, gingival bleeding, and calculus formation, which may have established other links between diabetes and paediatric oral health. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is gingivitis.