In cancer, fungal-derived β-glucan (a major ligand of Dectin-1) has been shown to induce the differentiation of monocytic MDSCs into a more mature population expressing a CD11c+F4/80+ phenotype and impaired iNOS and ARG-1 production via the Dectin-1 pathway in vitro, thereby reducing tumor progression in a mouse lung cancer model (Tian et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene ITGAX and lung carcinoma.