The present work, together with findings from previous studies of our group, indicates that Dectin-1, TLR2, and TLR4 are important PRRs for the activity of MDSCs in pulmonary PCM, as already demonstrated in cancer and other diseases, such as other fungal, bacterial, and viral infections (Arora et al., 2010; Tessarolli et al., 2010; Ray et al., 2013; Dorhoi and Du Plessis, 2017; Wang et al., 2023). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is viral infectious disease.