On the other hand, being Qatari was associated with a lower risk for depression compared to non-Qatari patients (AOR =0.56, 0.34—0.90), and treatment with insulin-containing regimens was associated with a lower risk for depression as compared to treatment with non-insulin- containing regimens (AOR =0.49, 0.30-0.78). Here, INS is linked to major depressive disorder.