The role of TAMs in immunotherapy, such as anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, requires further investigation, including how to reprogram macrophages towards anti-tumor activity, modulate the immune microenvironment to induce synergy between macrophages and other immune cells in anti-tumor responses, and how to block macrophage-mediated resistance in NSCLC treatment to enhance therapeutic efficacy. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.