The intratumoral microbiota of lung cancer can produce TLR ligands (such as lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan), stimulate myeloid cells to produce Myd88-dependent IL-1b and IL-23, induce the proliferation and activation of gamma delta (γδ) T cells, and then produce other pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17, which can promote the occurrence of inflammation and the growth of tumor cells (61). Here, IL1B is linked to neoplasm.