Representative cases are shown in Fig. 6A. Patients with lung cancer exhibiting higher CXCL5 expression displayed greater CD66b+ neutrophil infiltration, lower CD8+ T cell infiltration, and higher levels of p-PXN, PD-L1, GM-CSF, PD-1, and TIM-3 expressions. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL5 and lung carcinoma.