Instead, interim analysis revealed that patients receiving chemotherapy combined with subcutaneous IFN-γ therapy experienced a shorter overall survival (OS) and an elevated risk of serious hematological toxicities.97 Furthermore, the administration of IFN-γ in various other cancers, including renal-cell carcinoma, melanoma, and colon cancer, did not achieve positive results.98–100 Given its generally modest clinical efficacy, IFN-γ treatment has not gained approval for any solid tumor indication. Here, IFNG is linked to hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.