CD8A and neoplasm: To gain a more comprehensive understanding of immune alterations within the TME, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and intratumoral ECs were isolated from these mice, which revealed a decreased proportion of CD45−CD31+PD-L1+ immunosuppressive ECs (Fig. 8D and Additional file 1: Fig. S8A) and increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the TME confirmed by IHC and FCM technologies (Additional file 1: Fig. S8B–D) in mice treated with combination therapy.