However, even at the highest recommended dose for rapamycin, the effects on cell growth and viability are only partial when compared to those previously observed for PIM447 (Fig. 5d, Supplementary Fig. 4c), indicating that the activity of PIM proteins supports tumor development through additional mechanisms than simply activating the mTOR signaling pathway and postulating PIM447 as a more suitable treatment in terms of efficacy. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and neoplasm.