Of note, MDM2 alterations showed mutual exclusivity with KRAS alterations in EUR, AFR, and AMR groups; interestingly, MDM2 alterations occurred in 8% of KRAS-altered SAS cases (p = 0.63) and 9% EAS (p < 10−5) compared to only 3% of KRAS-altered cases in EUR (Fig. 2b, Supplementary Data 4). Here, MDM2 is linked to SATB2 associated disorder.