For example, oncogenes NRAS, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, CACNA1D, STAT3 and other genes individually had significantly higher VAF in all nonsynonymous mutations, when compared to a random genes baseline at FDR ≤ 5%; total number of significant oncogenes with an increased VAFs in samples with CNA gain (across all cognate cancer types) reached 24 at FDR ≤ 25% (see Supplementary Fig. S9b). This evidence concerns the gene NRAS and cancer.