Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase-1(TAK1), which belongs to the MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, is an essential activator of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways [23–25], and then promote the signaling cascades of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhabit insulin signaling pathway, and these pathways contribute to liver inflammation, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, all of which are hallmarks of NAFLD. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is fatty liver disease.