IRS1 and Insulin resistance: Prompted by the GSEA results that insulin resistance were inhibited in HFD AAV-USP13 group, while insulin signaling pathways were facilitated in HFD AAV-USP13 group, thus, phosphorylation levels of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1)-protein kinase B (AKT)-glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3β) axis was examined.