Previous research has identified sex differences in: oxytocin receptor binding density in Wistar rats that was associated with outcomes of social interest [126, 127], the behavioural consequences of activating oxytocin receptor-expressing medial prefrontal cortex interneurons in mice (i.e., activation promoted social interaction in females and anxiety-like behaviour in males) [128, 129], and responses to chronic isolation in prairie voles (i.e., only elevated plasma oxytocin levels and activation of PVN oxytocinergic neurons in females and not males) [130, 131]. The gene discussed is OXTR; the disease is Anxiety.