Moreover, the TSP50/p-AKT/ALDH1 expression levels were strongly correlated with tumor pathological stage (pathological stage III, TSP50/p-AKT/ALDH1 high group 18% (4/22) vs. TSP50/p-AKT/ALDH1 low group 9% (2/22)) and N stage (N2-N3 stages, TSP50/p-AKT/ALDH1 high group 17% (4/24) vs. TSP50/p-AKT/ALDH1 low group 4% (1/23)), with the exception of T and M stages (Fig. 12J-M). Here, ALDH1A1 is linked to neoplasm.