GSEA revealed that PHF5A could possibly engage in HCC development via the Wnt signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, JAK STAT signaling pathway, T-cell receptor signaling pathway and gap junction (Fig. 9 and Supplementary Table 4). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.