Then, we removed main carbohydrate components in Mtb cell wall by using mutanolysin (which digests peptidoglycan) or α-mannosidase (which transform lipomannan and lipoarabinomannan into mannoglycolipids), and found that peptidoglycan is the critical Mtb component that increases HLA-G production in MDMs during infection (Fig. EV2I,J). This evidence concerns the gene HLA-G and infection.