Considering these unique phenotypes and functions, we propose this C5 subset (CD3–CD56+CD4+CD14+LILRB1+ cells) as a previously unrecognized TB-associated pathologic NK cell subset, which may be used to indicate changes in host immune status during Mtb infection, and serve as a specific target for host-directed anti-TB therapy. This evidence concerns the gene LILRB1 and tuberculosis.