USP32 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Next, we used GSEA in the TCGA database to analyze the mechanism by which USP32 controls the development of NSCLC and investigate potential connections between USP32 and different signaling pathways, and as shown in Fig. 6B, MAPK_ACTIVATION was significantly enriched in NSCLCs with high levels of USP32, suggesting that the MAPK pathway is closely associated with USP32 in NSCLC.