SATB1 and liver cancer: Additionally, SATB1 can regulate various signaling pathways and target genes, such as ERK, AKT, and p53, thereby affecting tumor cell growth, apoptosis, metastasis, and drug resistance.[44] Overexpression of SATB1 in BLCA tissues correlates with higher tumor stages and lymph node metastasis.[45] The Hepatitis B Virus X protein (HBx) stimulates SATB1 expression by triggering the ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, which helps prevent anoikis and facilitates the spread of liver cancer cells.[46]