TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Additionally, the study found that the incidence of MS in IBD patients exposed to TNFi treatment increased by 43% compared to those not exposed to anti-TNF-α therapy.[33] Despite discontinuation of the drug, three-quarters of patients with TNF-induced demyelination continued to experience neurological issues.[34] Our study discovered that for RA patients, adalimumab potentially induces demyelination (ROR = 7.12, 95% CI: 3.70–13.70) and may increase the likelihood of MS (ROR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.08–3.36).