Clinical trials of ATRA for the treatment of MDS were carried out in large numbers 20 years ago, including ATRA combined with VPA, EPO, androgens, cytarabine, and hydroxyurea, etc. The efficacy of ATRA combined with EPO or androgens in the treatment of RA is worthy of affirmation, but the treatment of HR-MDS did not obtain too good clinical efficacy, and the subsequent application in the clinic is also less. This evidence concerns the gene EPO and myelodysplastic syndrome.