IGF1 and osteoporosis: In terms of mechanism research, we found that fermented tea exerts anti osteoporosis effects through the following pathways: 1) It can regulate the differentiation direction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through MAPK, Wnt/beta Catenin, and BMP/Smad signaling pathways, promote the expression of osteogenic genes such as Runx2 and ALP, inhibit fat differentiation, and promote osteoblast migration to supplement lost bone through IGF-1 mediation (Peng, 2017).