On the contrary, Costa et al18 showed that the hBD-1 level in GCF was higher in chronic periodontitis than in healthy periodontium.Ebrahem25 found that the hBD-1,-2,-3 mRNA expression levels in GCF before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapies accompanied by an antibiotic regimen (100 mg doxycycline twice daily for 10 days) were higher after the intervention in patients with localized aggressive periodontitis. This evidence concerns the gene DEFB1 and chronic periodontitis.