While the low incidence of fungal infections reported in studies suggests the efficacy of antifungal prophylaxis (11–13), one large study reported a similarly low 2.9% incidence of invasive fungal infections at 1-year follow-up amongst 280 CD19 CAR T-cell patients with NHL who did not receive any antifungal prophylaxis (35). Here, CD19 is linked to fungal infectious disease.