Previous studies demonstrated that BRCA1-PALB2 interaction disruption was positively associated with programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and T-lymphocyte infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (18), and in ovarian cancer, DNA damage response-deficient (DDRD) breast tumors were associated with attenuated T cell inflammation (19, 20). Here, BRCA1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.