APOB and atherosclerosis: This complex and diverse structure of Lp(a) enables it to play varied roles in promoting atherosclerosis through its low-density lipoprotein components, inflammation, and oxidative stress through oxidized phospholipids, lipid transport via apoB, and thrombosis and antifibrinolysis through apo(a) components, thus establishing its close relationship with the fibrinolytic system [9, 11, 31–34].