LPA and cancer: As shown in Fig. 3, the RCS analysis indicated that the association between Lp(a) and the risk of all-cause and cancer-related mortality, as well as the association between FIB and the risk of cancer-related mortality were linear (P for nonlinearity > 0.05), whereas the association between Lp(a) and the risk of CVD-related mortality, as well as the association between FIB and the risk of all-cause and CVD-related mortality were nonlinear (P for nonlinearity < 0.05).