However, here we had only one APPdup and two DS-AD cases carrying one APOE ε4 allele (cases #7 and cases #3 and #5, respectively, Fig. 3 and Supplementary Table 1) in which both CAA and Aβ deposits in the capillaries were not worse than in cases homozygous for the APOE ε3 allele, which is consistent with the fact that APP duplication is a much stronger genetic determinant of CAA than the APOE ε4 allele. The gene discussed is APP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.