In an analysis of the associations between additional pretreatment markers of tumor infiltration/inflammation and efficacy of BEMPEG + NIVO versus NIVO monotherapy, higher levels of CD8+ TILs and FoxP3+ cells in the TME, as measured by IHC (see “Methods”), were each associated with increased likelihood of response and prolonged PFS in both treatment arms (Supplementary Fig. 4a, b). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.