Collectively, these results from quantitative modeling predicted that: (i) a single dose of NanoSTING is adequate to elicit only a moderate amount of IFN which is likely achievable since our data supports large induction of IFN-β (Figs. 1E, M, and 4F) and given that natural infections with viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A are known to suppress interferon production38–40, and (ii) the optimal treatment window was either as prophylaxis treatment or initiated early after infection. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and infection.