For example, the initiation of leukemia is often involved in metabolic reprogramming [44, 45]; the mTORC pathway has been shown to induce the expression of PFKFB3 via HIF1 signaling to enhance glycolysis in AML cells [46]; NOX-mediated ROS levels also promote PFKFB3 expression via AMPK pathways to sustain the proliferation and survival of AML cells [47]. This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and leukemia.