In addition, the capacity to detect YeiH.232-240–specific CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood will facilitate future prospective studies to determine whether the emergence of YeiH.232-240–specific CD8+ T cells precedes disease onset, similar to the emergence of autoantibodies in lupus and rheumatoid arthritis (49, 50). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and systemic lupus erythematosus.