TGFB1 and neurofibromatosis: For example, medications targeting various signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK), B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (B-RAF), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) and rat sarcoma (RAS) pathways, are being evaluated in cases of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).