UC results from an interaction of multiplerisk factors, such asgenetics, gut microbiota, immune system, and environment.24,25 Regarding the cytokine profile, cytokines classically consideredto have a pro-inflammatory profile, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF,IL-17, and IL-23, were increased in the colitis group as expectedand demonstrated in previous studies with the colitis model.26 The application of capsaicin was responsiblefor the increase in IL-10, a cytokine with anti-inflammatory characteristics,regardless of the colitis induction.27,28. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colitis.