Interestingly, increased expression of FOXM1 linked to a significantly increased expression of α-SMA and desmin, suggesting that increased expression of FOXM1 promoted the formation of extracellular matrix, such as fibrosis formation, which is consistent with the role of FOXM1 in pulmonary fibrosis and renal fibrosis.53 This evidence concerns the gene ACTA1 and pulmonary fibrosis.