PPARA and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In addition, there we demonstrated increased lipid metabolism in GS subjects, which was supported by increased PPARα, AMPK, and TH levels and decreased insulin levels, concluding that enhanced lipid metabolism in GS appears to be the key strategy for the protective role of bilirubin against obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2), and CVD.