GPX4 and Nephropathy: (2) Saponins: Astragaloside IV, an active component of Astragalus, activates the PI3K/AKT and Nrf2 signaling pathways, reduces oxidative stress, enhances GPX4 and Nrf2 expression, reduces iron accumulation, inhibits ferroptosis induced by Aflatoxin, significantly improves kidney damage, and protects kidney cells (178).