TNF and colorectal carcinoma: The qRT‒PCR results showed that THBS2 overexpression in CRC cells led to the downregulation of M1 biomarkers (iNOS, TNF-α, and CD86) and the significant upregulation of M2 biomarkers (CD163, CD206, ARG1 and IL-10) in macrophages (Figs. 5B).