Furthermore, an upward trend in SHBG levels was observed with increasing risk of malnutrition exposure in both males (29.14 ± 13.38, 41.52 ± 21.58, and 49.99 ± 25.21 nmol/L, respectively) and postmenopausal women (32.82 ± 16.51, 43.92 ± 19.32, and 50.47 ± 26.49 nmol/L, respectively) (P < 0.05) (Supplementary Figure S1B). Here, SHBG is linked to nutritional deficiency disease.