Multivariable logistic regression analysis included the variables demonstrating a P level < 0.05 in the univariable analysis, and demonstrated that serum SHBG levels (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06, P = 0.004), HbA1c levels (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.25-2.00, P < 0.001), hemoglobin levels (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86–0.95, P < 0.001), AST (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90–0.97, P < 0.001), and NAFLD (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08–0.68, P = 0.008) were independently associated with the risk of malnutrition exposure (Table 5). Here, SHBG is linked to nutritional deficiency disease.