Patients who received preemptive therapy had a better OS than those who received salvage therapy after having progressed from molecular to morphologic relapse, and those who had upfront morphologic relapse (three-year OS of 78% vs. 52% vs. 51%, respectively, P = 0.02; Fig. 3), as when considering CBF and NPM1-mutated AML patient separately (Supplementary Fig. 4). Here, NPM1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.