The participants with high BNP concentrations were older, more likely to be male, and more likely to have a history of smoking, diabetes mellitus, malignancy, and prior CV diseases (CVDs) such as ischemic heart disease (IHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), stroke, peripheral artery disease, aortic aneurysms, and aortic dissection. Here, NPPB is linked to myocardial ischemia.