Comparative analysis revealed 190/439 proteins co-identified in human AF (lowly expressed relative to healthy tissue), of which 125/190 were significantly down-regulated in expression in DCM-dnPI3K (associated with hallmark cardiac biological processes: fatty acid metabolism, heart/muscle contraction, mitochondria organisation/ function including MYH6, TPM1 and ACADM; Figure 7E, Supplementary Table S3.15). This evidence concerns the gene ACADM and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.