To obtain a comprehensive molecular understanding of Kla in GI tumor progression, paired tumor and normal adjacent tissues (NATs) from 40 patients with liver, pancreatic, colorectal, or gastric cancer (n = 10 for each type of cancer) were selected for lactylome analysis based on stringent criteria (Figure 1A; Figure S1A, Supporting Information; Table S1, Supporting Information). Here, KL is linked to digestive system neoplasm.