BRAF and melanoma: Based on the American Association for Cancer Research’s (AACR) Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE, version 15.1) dataset, BRAF alterations are observed in several human malignancies, including 44% of thyroid cancers, 35% of melanomas, and 12% of colorectal cancers; with multiple other major cancer types exhibiting lower frequencies of BRAF alterations (Figure 1A).