Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation plays a vital role in releasing the inflammation mediators like nuclear factor-kappa β (NF-κβ) and Interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) in Alzheimer’s disease (Elhabak et al. 2023; Salama et al. 2023a, b). Here, IL1B is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.