CCL4 and infection: Chemoattractant for neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. All CCR5 ligands (CCL3, CCL4, & CCL5) are upregulated in the lungs of a murine model of MTB infection (Domingo‐Gonzalez et al., 2016). Yet, the CCR5 knockout mice recruit adequate number of lymphocytes to the lungs and were not compromised in controlling MTB infection (Algood & Flynn, 2004). Infection of mice with the rough strain of M. avium (compared to the smooth strain) resulted in more severe disease and greater production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, CCL3, and CCL5 (Nishimura et al., 2020).